The answer is option 4: Power split and shared between the central and state governments.
The U.S. Constitution gives certain powers to the federal government, others powers to the states and powers for both, meaning that the power is split and shared between them.
It also established that both the federal government and the states have their own legislative branch, executive branch, and judicial branch, to carry on important duties and check on each other so no branch could abuse of their authority.
The federal's power is limited to the powers enumerated in the Constitution (Article I, II and III), and the powers not delegated to the federal government, nor prohibited to the states are reserved to the states or to the people (Tenth Amendment), meaning that states can pass, enforce, and interpret laws, as long as they do not violate the Constitution.
